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What is Povidone iodine CAS 25 655-41-8 ?

Povidone iodine (PVP-I), also known as iodopovidone, is an antiseptic used for skin disinfection before and after surgery. It may be used both to disinfect the hands of healthcare providers and the skin of the person they are caring for. It may also be used for minor wounds. It may be applied to the skin as a liquid or a powder.

Povidone iodine is a chemical complex of povidone, hydrogen iodide, and elemental iodine. It contains 10% Povidone, with total iodine species equaling 10,000 ppm or 1% total titratable iodine. It works by releasing iodine which results in the death of a range of microorganisms.

Povidone iodine uses in medical

Povidone iodine is a broad-spectrum antiseptic for topical application in the treatment and prevention of wound infection. It may be used in first aid for minor cuts, burns, abrasions, and blisters. Povidone-iodine exhibits longer-lasting antiseptic effects than the tincture of iodine. Due to its slow absorption via soft tissue, making it the choice for longer surgeries. Consequently, PVP-I has found broad application in medicine as a surgical scrub.

• For pre-and post-operative skin cleansing;
• For the treatment and prevention of infections in wounds, ulcers, cuts, and burns;
• For the treatment of infections in decubitus ulcers and stasis ulcers;
• In gynecology for vaginitis associated with candidal, trichomonal, or mixed infections.

Because of these critical indications, only sterile povidone iodine should be used in most cases. The non-sterile product can be appropriate in limited circumstances in which people have intact, healthy skin that will not be compromised or cut. The non-sterile form of Povidone iodine has a long history of intrinsic contamination with Burkholderia cepacia (aka Pseudomonas cepacia), and other opportunistic pathogens. Its ability to harbor such microbes further underscores the importance of using sterile products in any clinical setting. Since these bacteria are resistant to povidone iodine, statements that bacteria do not develop resistance to PVP-I should be regarded with great caution: some bacteria are intrinsically resistant to a range of biocides including povidone-iodine.

The antiseptic activity of PVP-I is because of free iodine (I2) and PVP-I only acts as a carrier of I2 to the target cells. The most commonly used 10% PVP-I delivers about 1-3 ppm of I2 in a compound of more than 31,600 ppm of total iodine atoms. All the toxic and staining effects of PVP-I are due to the inactive iodine only.

Other uses of Povidone iodine

• Eyes

A buffered PVP-I solution of 2.5% concentration can be used for the prevention of neonatal conjunctivitis, especially if it is caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis. It is currently unclear whether PVP-I is more effective in reducing the number of cases of conjunctivitis in neonates over other methods. PVP-I appears to be very suitable for this purpose because, unlike other substances, it is also efficient against fungi and viruses (including HIV and Herpes simplex).

• Pleurodesis

It is used in pleurodesis (fusion of the pleura because of incessant pleural effusions). For this purpose, povidone-iodine is equally effective and safe as talc and may be preferred because of easy availability and low cost.

Side effects

The sensitization rate to the product is 0.7%. Side effects include skin irritation and sometimes swelling. If used on large wounds, kidney problems, high blood sodium, and metabolic acidosis may occur.

When should you not use povidone iodine?

• PVP-I is contraindicated in people with hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid gland) and other diseases of the thyroid, after treatment with radioiodine, and in people with dermatitis herpetiformis (Duhring’s disease).
• Frequent use is not recommended in people who are taking lithium.
• It is not recommended in women who are less than 32 weeks pregnant.
• Do not use Povidone iodine on deep, puncture wounds, animal bites, or serious burns. Doing so may increase the chance of side effects.

Interactions

The iodine in PVP-I reacts with hydrogen peroxide, silver, taurolidine, and proteins such as enzymes, rendering them (and themselves) ineffective. It also reacts with many mercury compounds, giving the corrosive compound mercury iodide, as well as with many metals, making it unsuitable for disinfecting metal piercings.

Iodine is absorbed into the body to various degrees, depending on the application area and condition of the skin. As such, it interacts with diagnostic tests of the thyroid gland such as radioiodine diagnostics, as well as with various diagnostic agents used on the urine and stool, for example, Guaiacum resin.

Betadine vs Povidone iodine

Some friends also asked about the difference between povidone iodine and Betadine. Actually, Betadine is a type of iodine. Iodine is a halogen element used in medicine as an antiseptic. Betadine is a brand name for povidone-iodine, a combination of iodine and polyvinylpyrrolidone, that’s also used as an antiseptic.