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1. What is Xylazine Hydrochloride CAS 23076-35-9(raw material)

Xylazine Hydrochloride CAS 23076-35-9, the chemical name is 2-(2,6-Dimethylphenylamino)-5,6-dihydro-4H-thiazine hydrochloride is a white or almost crystalline powder and its molecular formula is C12H17ClN2S.

Xylazine hydrochloride is a sedative veterinary drug. It can make the central nervous system produce mild inhibition, weaken functional activities, and play a role in eliminating restlessness and restoring tranquillity.

Xylazine Hydrochloride is α2 class of adrenergic receptor agonist. Target: Adrenergic ReceptorXylazine is a drug that is used for sedation, anaesthesia, muscle relaxation, and analgesia in animals such as horses, cattle and other non-human mammals.

 An analogue of clonidine, Xylazine Hydrochloride is an agonist in the α2 class of adrenergic receptors. Xylazine has recently emerged as a recreational drug, especially in Puerto Rico [1]. Administration of xylazine (0.17 mg/kg of body weight, diluted to a 10-ml volume, using 0.9% NaCl) induced approximately 2.5 hours of local analgesia without apparent side effects. Higher doses of xylazine caused mild hind limb ataxia. Administration of lidocaine induced a similar duration of analgesia, with severe hind limb ataxia (100% incidence). We concluded that xylazine is given by epidural injection results in safe, effective perineal analgesia in horses [2].

2. Xylazine Hydrochloride Chemical & Physical Properties

Xylazine Hydrochloride is white crystal, easily soluble in water and soluble in organic solvent.

Xylazine Hydrochloride is characterized by low toxicity, wide safety range and no accumulation effect. The action occurs 10-15 minutes after intramuscular injection and 3-5 minutes after intravenous injection. Animals are sedated and can lie down and sleep at high doses. Among livestock, cattle are the most sensitive to this product, and its sedative and analgesic dose level is only 1/10 of that of horses, dogs and cats.

Xylazine Hydrochloride can be used for chemical stabilization of horses, cattle and wild animals for diagnosis and treatment and minor operations.

With large doses or with local anesthetics, dehorning, sawing, castration, mammotomy, caesarean section and other operations are feasible.

3. Pharmacological action of Xylazine Hydrochloride CAS 23076-35-9

① Intravenous injection of this product in horses can often inhibit myocardial conductivity, so the injection should be slow, and atropine must be injected before the drug.

②Weak animals, animals with heart, liver, kidney disease and respiratory depression should be cautious when using this product.

③Pregnant animals should not use this product to prevent premature birth or miscarriage.

④ When using this product poisoning, you can inject epinephrine or nicotinamide and other respiratory stimulants for symptomatic treatment, and you can use the antagonist benzoxazole hydrochloride to rescue.

4.What’s the usage of Xylazine Hydrochloride CAS 23076-35-9

Xylazine Hydrochloride is a receptor agonist and has a direct inhibitory effect on the central nervous system.

Xylazine Hydrochloride inhibits the transmission of nerve impulses within neurons, thereby showing sedative and analgesic effects. Low toxicity, wide safety range and no accumulation effect. Action occurs minutes after intramuscular injection and minutes after intravenous injection. Animals are sedated and can lie down and sleep at high doses.

Xylazine Hydrochloride can inhibit cardiac conduction, slow down heart rate, reduce cardiac output, and reduce myocardial oxygen content. The number of breaths first increases and then decreases and the breathing is deepened. Excessive amounts can cause respiratory depression. Has the effect of lowering body temperature.

It can directly stimulate the vomiting center of dogs and cats, causing vomiting, so it can be used as an emetic drug for dogs and cats.

It has a certain excitatory effect on uterine smooth muscle and should not be used in late pregnancy.

Xylazine Hydrochloride is easy to cause heart rate and blood pressure disorders; it is easy to cause respiratory depression in cattle; it often causes vomiting in dogs and cats; it can cause uterine contractions in cattle and horses in late pregnancy. Can reduce serum globulin, thereby inhibiting the immune system.

Xelazine hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of Xelazine.

Xylazine Hydrochloride has sedative, analgesic and central muscle relaxation effects. It is mainly used as a sedative and analgesic for wild animals such as horses, cattle, sheep, dogs, cats and deer, as well as for compound anaesthesia and chemical stabilization. It is convenient for long-distance transportation, dehorning, sawdust, castration, laparotomy, nose piercing, uterine reduction, etc.

Pharmacokinetics Edited by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection, it is rapidly absorbed.

Xylazine Hydrochloride has a quick onset of action but a short duration. In addition, the intensity and duration of sedative or analgesic effects are proportional to the amount of drug used, and there are species differences. The usual dose can last for hours in quiet and sleep states, and analgesia lasts for minutes. Cattle are the most sensitive.

Generally, the amount of cattle used in horses or dogs can produce sedative and analgesic effects. Among wild animals, deer are more sensitive to this product. Pigs are not sensitive and are generally not used in pigs. Tsushima can not only relieve sharp pain, but also has better visceral analgesia than pethidine.

5. The production of Xylazine Hydrochloride Injection

【Main ingredient】Xylazine

【Properties】This product is colorless and clear liquid.

【Pharmacological action】

Xylazine Hydrochloride Injection is a potent a2 adrenergic receptor agonist, with obvious sedative, analgesic and muscle relaxation effects. Although many of the pharmacological effects of xylazine are similar to morphine, it does not cause central excitation in cats, horses and cattle, but rather sedation and central depression.

The relaxation effect on skeletal muscle is related to the inhibition of nerve impulse conduction at the central level. After intramuscular injection, it can often induce vomiting in cats and occasionally in dogs.

The effects of xylazine on the cardiovascular system and respiratory system are variable. The blood pressure of most animals increases at the initial stage, but then due to the decompression reflex, the blood pressure drops for a long time, the heart rate slows down, and the heart is slow. In addition, the drug can reduce sympathetic excitability, enhance vagus nerve activity, and can cause excessive salivation in ruminants.

The effect on respiration is a decrease in respiratory rate. It also has a certain excitatory effect on uterine smooth muscle, which can increase the tension of bovine uterine muscle and intrauterine pressure. It should be used with caution in pregnant livestock.

Xylazine Hydrochloride Injection can be rapidly absorbed by intramuscular injection, but the absorption is incomplete and irregular. The bioavailability of different species and individuals varies greatly. The bioavailability of intramuscular injection is 40% to 48% in horses. Sheep were 17%-73%, and dogs were 52%-90%. The intramuscular injection takes effect within 10 to 15 minutes. The duration of the drug effect depends on the dose and generally lasts for 1.5 hours. The drug is extensively metabolized in the body and is rapidly metabolized, with an elimination half-life of 23 minutes in sheep, 50 minutes in horses, 36 minutes in cattle, and 30 minutes in dogs.

【Drug Interactions】

(1) Combination with central nervous system depressants such as chloral hydrate, thiopental sodium or pentobarbital sodium can enhance the inhibitory effect.

(2) This product can enhance the analgesic effect of ketamine, relax the muscles, and antagonize the excitatory response of the central nervous system.

(3) Combination with epinephrine can induce arrhythmia.

【Actions and Uses】

Chemical security medicine. It has sedative, analgesic and skeletal muscle relaxation effects, and is mainly used for chemical restraint and basic anaesthesia in livestock and wild animals.

【Usage and Dosage】Intramuscular injection: one dose, per 10kkg body weight, 0.5~1ml for horses, 0.05~0.15ml for cattle; 0.05~0.1ml for sheep; 0.5~0.1ml for dogs and cats; 0.05~0.15ml for deer.

【Adverse reactions】

(1) Vomiting, muscle tremor, bradycardia, and decreased respiratory rate often occur in dogs and cats after the drug is administered. In addition, increased urination occurs in cats.

(2) Ruminants are sensitive to this product, and show increased saliva secretion, rumen flaccidity, bloating, nausea, diarrhoea, slow heartbeat and ataxia after administration, and premature birth or abortion may occur in cattle in late pregnancy.

(3) Muscle tremor, bradycardia, decreased respiratory rate, hyperhidrosis, and increased intracranial pressure may occur in horses after administration.

【Precautions】

(1) It is forbidden for milk-producing animals.

(2) The speed of intravenous injection in horses should be slow, and a small dose of atropine can be injected before administration to avoid heart block.

(3) Cattle should fast for a certain period of time before using this product, and injecting atropine; during the operation, they should adopt a prone position and lower their head to prevent foreign body pneumonia and reduce ruminal flatulence when compressing the heart and lungs. Cattle should not be used in late pregnancy.

(4) Dogs and cats can cause vomiting after taking the medicine.

(5) Use with caution in animals with respiratory depression, heart disease, renal insufficiency and other symptoms.

(6) When poisoned, it can be rescued by a2 receptor blockers and atropine.

【Withdrawal period】 14 days for cattle and sheep, and 15 days for deer.

【Specifications】(1) 5ml: 0.1g (2) 10ml: 0.2g

【Storage】Airtight, keep in a cool and dry place.

6. Where to buy Xylazine Hydrochloride CAS 23076-35-9

Xylazine Hydrochloride CAS 23076-35-9 is a sedative veterinary drug. Xylazine Hydrochloride CAS 23076-35-9 is available online from different manufacturers. Most users of Xylazine Hydrochloride CAS 23076-35-9 buy from different websites, some for retail or wholesale purposes.

Verify the legitimacy of every Xylazine Hydrochloride CAS 23076-35-9  manufacturer using outlined state laws before purchase.

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【References】

Zhang Chuanjin. Observation on clinical anaesthesia effect of xylazine hydrochloride on ruminants. “Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine”, 2007

Jia Bing, Han Guang, Zhang Bo, Zhang Fan, etc. Effects of xylazine hydrochloride on enkephalin β-endorphin in rats. “Chinese Veterinary Journal”, 2011

He Shaojun, Li Jing, Cai Xiying, Liu Deyi. Effects of anesthetic xylazine hydrochloride on liver and kidney function in dogs. “Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine”, 2017

He Shaojun, Li Jing, Zheng Xiujuan, Liu Deyi. Effects of xylazine hydrochloride anesthesia on serum sugar, lipid and protein content in dogs. “cnki”, 2017

Ying Zhihao, Wang Caiyi, Huang Shufang, etc. Application of xylazine hydrochloride and chlorpromazine hydrochloride compound anesthesia in wild animals. “vip”, 2016